Waves

Buoys and specialised sensors for characterising sea state: wave height, period and direction.

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Waves, as a stochastic phenomenon, require a statistical or spectral approach based on time series of measurements. There are various techniques for estimating wave conditions, but all of them require a certain measurement duration and robust mathematical processing. The most traditional—and commonly referenced—technology is the Datawell buoy, which has been riding waves for more than 40 years with its well-known Waverider. In the 1980s, Doppler technology emerged, initially used for current measurements and later adapted for wave measurement. Nortek manufactures the AWAC, a unique current profiler capable of providing time series of sea surface measurements in a way similar to Datawell wave buoys. Radar-based approaches involve transmitting a signal towards the sea, receiving the reflected signal and analysing it accordingly. This technology enables the measurement of surface agitation at a single point (such as a harbour basin) using vertically transmitted signals (Radac’s WaveGuide), over an area surrounding an X-band navigation radar (Nortek’s SeaDarQ), or across an entire sector of the sea surface extending beyond the horizon (Helzel’s WERA) using horizontally transmitted signals. Finally, simple pressure sensors can provide limited but very cost-effective information on wave conditions.

Waves: product categories

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